Harnessing deep learning for wheat variety classification: a convolutional neural network and transfer learning approach

The present study recommends further fine-tuning of hyperparameters to improve the accuracy of the proposed CNN model and to identify better configurations. Besides, other popular models should be evaluated. Moreover, by freezing specific early layers, fine-tuning should be performed to maximize accuracy. Additionally, the image datasets used will be publicly available to allow researchers to discover new methodologies to classify wheat varieties. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.