Forensic analysis of feeding bottle plastics

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the materials of baby feeding bottles using multiple instrumental techniques to provide evidence for the procuratorate’s case handling. Previously, the procuratorate could only charge the suspects for manufacturing and selling counterfeit goods, leaving the broader public interest violation, particularly arising from the distribution of products containing hazardous substances. In this study, the plastic materials of baby feeding bottles were accurately analyzed for forensic purpose with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), portable Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDS). These methods provided legally admissible evidence, enabling authorities to not only prosecute counterfeit product cases but also hold offenders accountable for endangering public health. Design/methodology/approach Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used plastic additive in the production of polycarbonate plastics, which is commonly found in many plastic consumer products. Due to its endocrine-disrupting properties, BPA is classified as a substance of very high concern and is banned in baby feeding bottles in many countries. Epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated a correlation between environmental BPA exposure and congenital defects in both humans and model organisms. However, illegal use of the polycarbonate plastics to counterfeit the safe but relatively expensive Polyphenylene sulfone (PPSU) materials in feeding bottles was found in some cases. Findings FT-IR, portable Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDS provide reliable analysis results for discriminating between counterfeit, potentially hazardous feeding bottles and authentic products. Originality/value Among these methods, portable Raman spectroscope stands out as a rapid and effective in identifying the types of plastics within 1 min on the spot and can be a powerful and promising method for high-throughput onsite testing. As the presence of hazardous ingredients was conclusively verified, the prosecutor’s office further filed civil public interest lawsuits besides the criminal punishment in these cases successfully, recovering the losses of consumers and public interests.