Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance Using Phase Change Material (PCM): An Experimental Approach

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have emerged as a leading solution for sustainable energy generation. However, the performance of PV modules deteriorates with increased operating temperatures. This study investigates the enhancement of PV performance through the integration of a phase change material (PCM), specifically paraffin wax, to enable passive thermal regulation. An experimental setup was developed using two identical 20 W PV panels, one integrated with PCM and the other as a control. Over a period of three months in Guwahati, India, real-time measurements were recorded to evaluate thermal and electrical performance. Results revealed that the PCM-integrated panel consistently outperformed the conventional panel, with output power improvements of up to 13.1% and a corresponding surface temperature reduction of over 30%. This research underscores the effectiveness of PCM in improving the thermal stability and energy yield of PV systems.