Enhanced Extraction Efficiency of Erbium Luminescence in Erbium Oxygen Codoped Gallium Arsenide Using One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals

Quantum communication, memory, and computing show potential as next-generation information technologies. Controllable, stable, and repeatable single-photon emitters for off-chip applications are essential components of quantum information systems. In this study, one-dimensional photonic crystals (PhCs), based on Er,O-codoped GaAs (GaAs:Er,O) as the active component, are employed to enhance Er luminescence extraction efficiency, aiming to advance off-chip applications. Numerical simulations of these PhCs demonstrate an enhancement in light extraction efficiency. The two types of PhC cavities, bridge-type and nanobeam PhCs, are fabricated based on the simulation results. For objective lenses with different numerical apertures (NAs), numerical simulations show that both of the bridge-type and nanobeam PhCs enhance the Er luminescence extraction efficiency, which is consistent with the experimental results. Moreover, the bridge-type and nanobeam PhCs exhibited cavity quality factors of approximately 12000 and 7000, respectively, indicating significant potential for enhancing Er luminescence using cavity modes.