Development of Drought-Resistant Microbial Inoculants for Arid Mining Areas and Their Promoting Effect on Soil Aggregate Formation

The dilemma of soil degradation and vegetation restoration caused by the deterioration of the ecological environment in arid mining areas urgently requires innovative restoration technologies. In this paper, the research and development path and application value of drought-resistant microbial agents were systematically analyzed, and a mycorrhizal fungal symbiosis system was constructed to enhance environmental adaptability based on the screening of stress-tolerant strains such as bacillus and actinomycetes and the optimization of liquid/solid-state fermentation processes. It was clarified that microorganisms promoted the formation of soil aggregates by secreting extracellular polymers to form cementation networks and synergizing with the physical consolidation of hyphae, which significantly improved the average weight diameter (MWD) and erosion resistance. In view of the constraints such as soil texture heterogeneity, bacterial interaction effect and application methods, a strategy to enhance the function of microbial agents was proposed: molecular markers assisted in the screening of extreme environment tolerant strains, the development of multi-strain synergistic composite microbial agents, the combination of organic amendments to accurately regulate the soil microenvironment, and the establishment of a microbial agent-plant synergistic remediation model. The research results provide a theoretical basis for breaking through the technical bottleneck of soil structure improvement and ecological function reconstruction in arid mining areas, and promote the development of microbial remediation technology in the direction of standardization and engineering.