Off-label GLP-1 weight-loss medicine use among online bodybuilders: Folk pharmacology, risk and harm reduction
We examine the likely implications of these findings for public health, with particular reference to the practices of 'cycling' and 'stacking' GLP medicines and the risk this presents, particularly when combined with drugs such as AAS and far burners. We discuss the need for harm reduction services such as drug testing services, and the need for healthcare professionals to be aware of anti-ageing motivations for use among older men. Continued research into novel GLP use is needed.
Authors
- Honor D. Townshend (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1963-6351)
- Jennifer Germain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9890-3798)
- Lambros Lazuras (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5075-9029)
- Luke A. Turnock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-1945)
- Evelyn Hearne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-5736)
- Mikey Hirst
Institutions
- Loughborough University (GB)
- University of Lincoln (GB)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- International Journal of Drug Policy
- Published
- 2025-05-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.104854
- Citations
- 8
- Primary Topic
- Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 9.76