Postoperative sleep quality and associated factors among patients undertaking major surgical procedure at South Wollo Zone public general hospitals, Ethiopia

Poor sleep following surgery prolongs hospital stays, increased complications, and delayed recovery. Despite its impact, not yet adequate research in our study area. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to August 15, 2022; involving 428 participants selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data entry was done using Epi-Data version 4.6 and analysis SPSS version 26. Variables with a p-value ≤ 0.25 in the bivariable analysis were included in the multivariable analysis and a significant association was declared using AOR with 95% CI and a p-value of less than 0.05. A total of 428 participants were included in the study, of whom 297 (69.4%) reported poor sleep quality (95% CI: 65.0-74.1). Emergency surgery (AOR = 0.388, 95% CI: 0.210–0.720), severe pain (AOR = 9.105, 95% CI: 3.682–22.519), sound disturbances (AOR = 1.878, 95% CI: 1.162–3.036), anxiety (AOR = 1.964, 95% CI: 1.197–3.221), and poor social support (AOR = 5.6, 95% CI: 2.31–13.92) were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. This study found that more than half of the patients experienced poor sleep quality. Type of anesthesia, pain severity, sound disturbances, anxiety, and level of social support were significantly associated with poor sleep. Healthcare providers should address this factor to improve poor sleep quality following major surgery.