Land Restoration Effectiveness Assessed by Satellite-Based Remote Sensing Technologies as A New Monitoring Approach

Abstract. The Mediterranean region faces increasing land degradation, desertification, and climate change threats. Traditional assessment methods for land restoration are often time-consuming and subjective. This study leverages satellite-based remote sensing, specifically Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 data, to provide a comprehensive and objective approach to monitoring restoration initiatives in food forest in Beit Lehem of the Galilee, northern Israel. Sentinel-2 high-resolution multispectral imagery enables detailed tracking of vegetation health through indices like SAVI, PSRI, and NDWI. Additionally, Sentinel-1 SAR data offers insights into microtopography changes and soil moisture monitoring. Our comparative analysis of restored and non-restored areas reveals significant improvements in vegetation health, soil moisture, and microtopographic stability in restored sites. By utilizing remote sensing technologies and a comparative approach, this study offers a detailed assessment of long-term restoration processes in the Mediterranean region, contributing to sustainable land management and ecosystem restoration practices. This work provides valuable insights for policymakers and land managers seeking to implement effective restoration strategies in the Mediterranean region.