Phytochemical Analysis of Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Hepato-renal protective effects of <I>Terminalia catappa</I> leaf and seed extracts in BPH-induced prostate in rat's model

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent urological condition. The medicinal plant Terminalia catappa has been traditionally utilized for treating diverse ailments. This study explores the phytochemical profile via GC-MS analysis and assesses the hepatorenal protective properties of Terminalia catappa leaf and seed extracts in a rat model with BPH induction. Methods: BPH was induced in rats using testosterone propionate, followed by oral administration of Terminalia catappa leaf and seed extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 28 days. Liver and kidney function were evaluated through enzyme and biomarker assessments. Additionally, histopathological analyses of hepatic and renal tissues were performed. Results: GC-MS profiling revealed various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and glycosides. Administration of Terminalia catappa extracts led to significant reductions in prostate weight and epithelial thickness while improving liver enzyme and kidney function markers (ALT, ALP, AST, creatinine, and urea) compared to the control group. Histopathological findings indicated enhanced prostate and liver tissue integrity. Conclusion: This study highlights the phytochemical composition and the hepatorenal protective potential of T. catappa leaf and seed extracts in a rat model of BPH. The findings suggest that these extracts may serve as a promising therapeutic approach for managing BPH and associated hepatorenal dysfunction.