Analysis of Reparative Osteogenesis in Augmented Zone Using Allogeneic Lyophilized Cancellous Bone Graft

BACKGROUND: Dental implantation is being increasingly adopted in clinical practice. Indications for its use are expanding, including cases of significant alveolar ridge atrophy, in which restoration of bone volume using bone graft materials is required. Under these conditions, the study of metabolic processes remains highly relevant. AIM: The work aimed to evaluate reparative osteogenesis in the augmented zone using allogeneic lyophilized cancellous bone graft through the analysis of metabolic markers. METHODS: The study included 41 patients (experimental group) in the osseointegration phase with a follow-up period ranging from 1 to 12 weeks. Oral fluid was used as the biological sample. Allogeneic lyophilized cancellous bone graft was applied in the augmentation zone. The control group consisted of 17 individuals without systemic diseases. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in metabolic parameters were observed during weeks 1–2 compared with the control group. However, during weeks 3–4, a slight increase in the concentration of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CrossLaps) and osteocalcin, along with a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity and parathyroid hormone levels, was noted. These changes indicate the onset of the secondary remodeling phase involving osteoid matrix formation. By week 12, metabolic markers had returned to baseline, consistent with reparative osteogenesis. CONCLUSION: The use of lyophilized cancellous bone graft in the augmentation zone supports physiologic osteogenesis.