From clock genes to exercise: shaping the field of Exercise Chronophysiology

Circadian rhythms, regulated by central and peripheral clocks, shape physiological processes through clock gene activity and external cues, modulating metabolic pathways, hormonal regulation, and body temperature. By acting on these factors, exercise serves as a powerful zeitgeber, impacting the timing of biological functions. This review highlights insights from molecular to behavioral aspects, examining exercise's role in addressing circadian disruptions, its therapeutic potential for metabolic, psychiatric, and cancer-related conditions, and its applications in enhancing physical performance. Exercise Chronophysiology emerges as a promising integrative approach, offering innovative strategies for promoting health, preventing disease, and optimizing athletic performance.