In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of Antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans Dunal and Eugenia jambolana Linn extract

Diabetes mellitus poses a significant challenge to public health. The synthetic medicines now available for the treatment of diabetes are costly or result in adverse effects when used over a long period of time. Additionally, several of these agents are not recommended for use during pregnancy. Herbal treatments are generally embraced for their minimal adverse effects and affordability. The objective of the current research was to assess the efficacy of Withania coagulans extract utilizing both in vitro and in vivo models. Three distinct forms of Withania coagulans extract were created using aqueous (W1), alcohol (W2), and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) combination (W3). In-vitro The anti-diabetic efficacy of all three extracts was assessed using RINm5F pancreatic beta cells. In addition, an in vivo assessment of the anti-diabetic properties was conducted by orally delivering a 50mg/kg aqueous extract to mice stimulated with Streptozotocin for a duration of 7 days. The body weight of animals was measured in order to conduct an acute toxicity investigation. The findings of the in-vitro cell-based investigation revealed that the aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans shown a significant increase in the release of inulin, compared to the other two extracts. The EC50 of W1, which is 249.6µg/L, is being compared to the EC50 of the standard, Glibenclamide. Based on the findings of the In-vitro investigation, W1 was tested for acute toxicity. The results of the acute toxicity study showed an LD50 value of 50mg/kg. Rats with diabetes that received an oral dosage of 50mg/kg of W1 extract for 7 days saw a significant 34.17% decrease in blood glucose levels compared to diabetic rats who did not receive treatment. To summarize, the findings of the research involving pancreatic beta cells demonstrated that the injection of the extract resulted in an augmentation of insulin secretion. The aqueous extract (W1) further shown promise in reducing blood glucose levels in animals with STZ-induced diabetes.