Recurrent Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma in a Child: A Case Report

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a reactive, non-neoplastic gingival growth, commonly seen in adolescents and young children, occurring most often in girls. The World Health Organisation (WHO) categorises POF as a fibro-osseous lesion characterised by varied amounts of calcified particles scattered throughout fibrous connective tissue. It often arises in response to local irritants and typically occurs in the anterior maxilla. Although generally benign, POF is known for its potential for recurrence, especially if not completely excised. This is a case study of an eleven-year-old male child who presented with a recurrent, firm, gingival mass in the anterior maxillary region. This case emphasises how crucial the complete surgical removal of the lesion, including the periosteum and involved periodontal ligament, is to minimise the risk of recurrence. It was noted that about 60% of occurrences of this lesion occur in the anterior maxilla, with the incisor-cuspid region accounting for 55–60% of presentations. In clinical terms, POF is a slow-growing gingival lesion that is typically found in the interdental gingiva and is less than 2 cm in size. The study also highlights the need for long-term follow-up, especially in pediatric patients, where recurrence can affect oral development and function.