Molecular Docking Anti Melanogenesis Activity of Anthocyanins from Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) Flower Water Extract

Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) is a plant that has been widely studied as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are compounds that are believed to have various activities, one of which is that they can be used as whitening agents on the skin. The antioxidant ability of water extract of butterfly pea flower is thought to come from the anthocyanin component in the flowers. The objective of this research is to determine the inhibitory activity of the enzyme tyrosinase from 5 of the most abundant anthocyanins in water extracts of butterfly pea flowers. The method of this study, docking of test compounds against target receptors, was carried out using the Autodock Tools and Autodock 4.2 programs. From the results of molecular Docking, it was found that the five most abundant anthocyanins from butterfly pea flowers were Cyanidin 3-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside, Delphinidin-3-O-(6- p- coumaroyl)glucoside, Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl)-rutinoside-5-glucoside, and Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside have the same activity as hydroquinone as anti-melanogenesis when viewed from the ΔG, Ki, and residue similarity values amino acids that interact with the ligand. However, Delphinidin-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl) glucoside has the lowest ΔG value of -9.23 kcal/mol with a Ki of 170.82nM compared to hydroquinone and other test compounds.