Disparities in Risk Perception: A Comparison Between Medical and Non-medical Professionals Using Propensity Score Matching

Introduction Disparities in risk perception between non-medical professionals and nurses can affect interdisciplinary communication and decision-making in healthcare. In this study, we explored these differences with a focus on the risks during hospitalization, infection risks, and family accompaniment to inform strategies for improving patient-centered care. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted using a propensity score-matched sample of 826 participants in Japan, including 413 non-medical professionals and 413 nurses. A structured questionnaire was used to assess perceptions of risks related to falls, pressure ulcers, delirium, infection, and family accompaniment during hospitalization. Factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale, and t-tests were used to compare group differences. Results The developed scale demonstrated a cumulative contribution rate of 74%, with good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.892 for the first factor). Significant differences were observed between the groups for all parameters (p < 0.001). Non-medical professionals exhibited higher risk perception scores for falls, pressure ulcers, and infections, reflecting a lower tolerance for clinical risks than nurses. Conversely, nurses displayed greater acceptance of uncertainty and family accompaniment practices. Conclusions This study highlights the persistent differences in risk perceptions between non-medical professionals and nurses and emphasizes the need for interventions to bridge these gaps. Addressing the mechanisms of uncertainty and distress and fostering interdisciplinary communication is essential for improving collaborative care and patient outcomes. In the future, researchers should explore the factors driving these differences and develop strategies to align the perceptions of healthcare stakeholders.