The association between family health and frailty in preoperative patients with gastric cancers: the mediating role of health literacy and physical activity

Family health directly affects frailty and also exerts an indirect impact through the mediators of health literacy and physical activity. These findings suggest that healthcare professionals should focus on vulnerable populations with low family health and implement family-centered preoperative frailty interventions. Guiding GC patients to improve health literacy and engage in personalized family-based exercises can help delay or reverse preoperative frailty, promoting long-term recovery outcomes.