NEP 2020: Fostering critical thinking, problem-solving, and experiential & scientific learning in Indian education

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a transformative policy document that redefines India’s approach to education in the 21st century. It proposes a paradigm shift from rote-based learning to a more holistic, multidisciplinary, and skill-oriented framework. This paper examines how NEP 2020 aims to nurture critical thinking, problem-solving, and experiential and scientific learning at all levels of education. Drawing upon established theoretical frameworks like Constructivism, Experiential Learning Theory, and Bloom’s Taxonomy, this study explores the practical dimensions, challenges, and opportunities associated with implementing these pedagogical reforms. With a focus on improving learning outcomes and preparing learners for real-world complexities, the paper provides concrete recommendations for aligning curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment with the NEP's vision. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of teacher capacity building and infrastructure enhancement to fully realize the transformative goals of NEP 2020.