US-China geo-political rivalry and India’s geo-cultural outreach to global south

In a world increasingly defined by competition over networks rather than territories, India has emerged as a unique actor offering an alternative to the binary power rivalry between the United States and China. This paper explores how India mobilises its civilisational heritage, diaspora networks, and cultural exports to build partnerships grounded in historical solidarity and mutual development. Through initiatives in digital innovation, public health, sustainable energy, and cultural diplomacy, India has crafted a geo-cultural strategy that resonates with the aspirations of the Global South. Drawing from historical linkages, non-alignment principles, and people-centric development cooperation, India is redefining global engagement not through dominance, but through shared values and cultural affinity. This paper critically evaluates India’s approach to geo-cultural diplomacy, its strategic outreach through soft power instruments, and the challenges it must address to institutionalise its role as a credible and inclusive partner in shaping the future of the Global South.