Advances in the Exploration of Active Components and Functional Studies of Tartary Buckwheat

苦荞麦，俗称苦荞，学名鞑靼荞麦(Fagopyrum tataricum)，属于蓼科荞麦属(Fagopyrum)。是一种起源于我国的重要杂粮作物，至今已有2000余年的栽培历史。由于其多种生物活性化合物，其研究被广泛关注。本文综述了苦荞内化合物的研究进展、苦荞内化合物的生物活性研究进展。重点阐述了苦荞内化合物的研究进展和苦荞化合物的生物活性。详细列举了苦荞中已发现的多种化合物种类，如黄酮类、酚酸类、二苯乙烯类等，并提及了各类化合物的代表性例子。对苦荞化合物的生物活性进行了综述，涵盖了抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、降低血糖、抗菌、调节血压、改善血脂和保护肝脏等八个方面，详细论述了相关研究发现及作用机制，为苦荞在医药和食品工业中的进一步开发和应用提供了依据。Tartary buckwheat, commonly known as bitter buckwheat and scientifically termed Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn., belongs to the genus Fagopyrum in the Polygonaceae family. Originating in China, it is an important coarse cereal crop with a cultivation history spanning over 2000 years. Extensive research interest has been drawn to its diverse bioactive compounds. This paper reviews recent advances in the study of compounds derived from Tartary buckwheat and their biological activities. It focuses on the identification of various compound categories, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and others, with specific examples provided for each class. Furthermore, the biological activities of these compounds are comprehensively summarized, encompassing eight key aspects: anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, lipid-regulating, and hepatoprotective effects. The mechanisms underlying these bioactivities are discussed in detail, supported by recent research findings. This review provides a scientific foundation for the further development and application of Tartary buckwheat in the pharmaceutical and food industries.