Development and Evaluation of Nanoformulation of an Anti-Viral Drug for Brain Targeting

HIV remains a devastating infection and a leading cause of mortality worldwide, ranking sixth globally. Unfortunately, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), a crucial class of HIV treatments, face significant challenges that mainly include first-pass metabolism, protein binding, and enzyme metabolism. The formulation of Nevirapine loaded SLN has improved absorption and brain targeting. Using a systematic set of experiments, that mainly processed by high-pressure homogenization for the production of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and analysed particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy shows the morphological properties and revealed spherical and irregular lipid nanoparticles. The following parameters were evaluated for the Nevirapine SLN gel: gel temperature, pH, viscosity, light transmittance, muco-adhesive strength, diffusion, and in vitro and ex vivo dissolution experiments. Nanotechnology-based anti-viral medications offer promise in overcoming HIV treatment challenges, potentially eliminating viral reservoirs in the brain and curing patients through intranasal delivery, as evidenced by in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. Nanoparticle design parameters – composition, shape, size, and characteristics – can enhance: Anti-viral activity, Stability and Effectiveness of the formulation. This research work explores- types of antiviral medications and efficacy concerns, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, current research and future perspectives.