A dual-mode leaky-wave antenna for scanning beam applications in 6g communication and automotive radar systems

This paper presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a dual-mode leaky-wave antenna (LWA) capable of dynamic beam scanning for integrated 6G communication and automotive radar applications. The proposed antenna operates in the D-band (110–170 GHz), offering high-gain, frequency-dependent beam steering without mechanical components. Utilizing a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) metamaterial structure, the antenna achieves continuous beam scanning from backward to forward directions. The design supports both high-speed vehicular communication and high-resolution radar sensing, demonstrating its potential for next-generation intelligent transportation systems.