Technological innovations in surface finishing and polishing: Towards enhanced quality and efficiency

Enhancing surface quality across all machine components is essential for minimizing wear-related losses and prolonging the operational life of mechanical parts. Fine finishing plays a critical role in the manufacturing of hard surfaces—such as molds and dies—by improving surface smoothness and flatness while eliminating tool marks. Although cutting processes have largely been automated through Computer Numerical Control (CNC) systems, fine finishing and polishing still heavily depend on the skill and expertise of experienced operators. In instances where operators lack polishing proficiency, achieving the desired surface roughness and smoothness becomes time- consuming. Notably, polishing operations can consume more than half of the total production time, presenting a significant challenge in manufacturing workflows. Additionally, the harsh working conditions associated with polishing—characterized by noise and dust—often discourage workers from engaging in such tasks. Given these challenges, this review study focuses on recent advancements and emerging technologies aimed at improving fine surface finishing processes.