Novel perovskite-type catalyst based on lanthanum, nickel, and iron for phenol removal in dark environments: An innovative strategy

Perovskites have been studied as promising materials for water treatment, given their oxidation capacity, cost-effectiveness, and versatility. Therefore, this study synthesized a perovskite-type catalyst based on lanthanum, nickel, and iron (LNFO) and tested the phenol degradation under dark conditions. The lanthanum-based catalyst was synthesized by the sol–gel method with different calcination temperatures (750[Formula: see text]C, 800ˆ[Formula: see text]C, and 1000[Formula: see text]C). Degradation tests were performed in dark environments without activation reagents at different conditions. Phenol degradation performance was observed through HPLC analysis. LNFO catalysts’ oxidation capacity was tested at 25[Formula: see text]C and 60[Formula: see text]C. The phenol removal performance under different conditions demonstrated satisfactory efficiency compared to other reported studies (60–80%). Characterization analyses (SEM, EDX, XRD, BET, FTIR, and Zeta) were performed on the three synthesized LNFO perovskites and discussed. Finally, the synthesized catalysts demonstrated promising phenol’ aqueous treatment characteristics.