Analysis of the dry matter and essential nutrient accumulation of maize (Zea mays L.) in the main phenophases

Increasing and maintaining maize yield to feed the growing population faces challenges due climate change limitations and soil degradation. Knowledge of nutrient dynamics particularly at critical stages of plant growth and development is crucial for effective fertilization decisions. The experiment was carried out in 2022 at the Látókép Crop Production Experimental Site of the University of Debrecen, Hungary. The aim was to evaluate the dynamics of nutrient accumulation in maize at six different phenological stages. After collecting the test plants and dividing them into various parts, average dry matter and nutrient concentrations were determined. Results demonstrated that the plant parts absorbed nutrients differently at each growth stage. Most of the nutrients accumulated in grains during the post-silking stage were primarily redirected from the vegetative organs. Only N, P, Mg, S, and Zn contributed significantly to the grain's mineral content. The maximum dry matter accumulation was 23784.4 kg*ha-1. Nutrient accumulation was in the order of K > N > P > Ca > Mg > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > B. This research emphasizes the importance of improving our understanding of nutritional crop requirements and their distribution in maize plants during developmental phenophases for optimal maize yield and quality.