Conditions for developing agro-biotechnology innovation clusters: empirical evidence from Colombia based on critical success factors

Abstract This study examines the conditions necessary for enhancing emerging agro-biotechnology clusters at the regional level in Colombia. To identify these conditions, the author developed a conceptual model of success factors based on a holistic and sustainable perspective provided by the “Systemic Competitiveness” framework of the German Development Institute. This model emphasizes that competitiveness is built upon and articulated across four economic levels: meta, macro, meso, and micro. It highlights the importance of considering specific success factors at each level. The primary data for this study were collected through an analysis of the agro-biotechnology cluster initiative in Colombia's Valle del Cauca region, with insights derived from interviews with regional industry experts. The findings are further supplemented by a literature review mapping the success factors of innovation clusters. This research offers empirical insights into the development of Colombia's emerging bioeconomy, exploring the capabilities, conditions, and practices necessary for the industry to achieve superior performance in the future. The study underscores that there is no universal blueprint, as each local context is unique. However, by identifying the presence or absence of key components and systemic competitive success factors, the study provides valuable guidance for investing time and resources effectively.