Bus design configuration for the elderly: a case study in a mega city (São Paulo, Brazil)

Abstract Paper aims This article identifies and discusses the barriers older adults face when using internal bus elements, which affect providing a safe, accessible, and desirable service, aiming to improve their commuting experience and quality of life. Originality By integrating qualitative approaches with aging simulation kits, this study provides new insights into the barriers users face in an aging developing city, emphasizing the influence of cultural attitudes, vehicle design, and service features. Research method An exploratory qualitative approach was used, involving simulation with an aging kit, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, real-time observations, and postural risk assessments. Data were collected from 75 autonomous bus users aged 60 and over. Main findings The study reveals that the primary barriers for older adults using bus services are linked to vehicle design, service characteristics, and societal attitudes towards aging. Significant postural issues were identified during vehicle entry and exit, the use of priority seats, the height of horizontal handles, and interaction with turnstiles. Implications for theory and practice The findings highlight the need for bus design and service provision improvements to accommodate older adults better. These insights can inform future transportation policies, design standards, and training programs, enhancing safety, accessibility, and overall quality of life for elderly commuters.