Bridging the funding gap: advancing sustainable food security in West Africa to achieve SDG 2

Abstract As the global population exceeds 8 billion, pressure on food systems is growing, especially in developing regions where funding gaps hinder progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 2. This study investigates sustainable food security in West Africa, focusing on the role of the African Development Bank Group (AfDB). A quantitative, secondary research approach is applied, combining a literature review with time series data. Three indicators are examined, undernourishment (2000–2022), food insecurity (2014–2022), and AfDB-funded projects (1970–2023), with a detailed focus on the overlapping period of 2015–2022. Findings reveal significant disparities across countries. From 2015 to 2022, undernourishment decreased in only seven of fifteen countries, while food insecurity rose in nearly all. In 2022, 17% of the population was undernourished, and 61% lived in moderate or severe food insecurity. Although Nigeria recorded a relatively low undernourishment rate, it had the highest absolute number of affected individuals due to its population size. Since 1970, AfDB has financed 339 food security-related projects in the region, with notable growth during the MDG and SDG periods. Ghana and Mali received the most projects, while Côte d’Ivoire and Nigeria attracted the largest funding volumes. Per capita distribution reveals significant disparities, with Cape Verde and Gambia receiving proportionally more support. Over time, project focus evolved from rural development to climate resilience and value chain enhancement, showing the change in development priorities. The study contributes to understanding how long-term, targeted investments by development finance institutions influence food security outcomes in West Africa.