Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in Australia: A case report

Rationale: Australia is the only inhabited continent, which is not endemic to leishmaniasis. There are some published articles reporting cutaneous leishmaniasis in travellers, immigrants and refugees. However, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis has not been reported previously from the continent. Patient concerns: Lesions were present over the nasal septum and the oropharynx of a 34-year-old healthy non-indigenous male. Diagnosis was delayed as it took multiple biopsies as well as extensive discussions in a multidisciplinary team. Diagnosis: Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Interventions: Liposomal Amphotericin for 20 days. Outcomes: The patient was symptomatically improved after 3 weeks’ treatment. Lessons: With international travel resuming after the pandemic, it becomes imperative that physicians in Australia are aware of this imported disease and its various presentations.