Motivation to engage in counterproductive work behaviour: an expectancy theory analysis

Purpose Counterproductive work behaviours (CWB) are varied and have multiple potential causes. Using a recently developed expectancy theory based CWB scale and self-reported engagement in CWB, this study aims to explore how expectancies surrounding the potential benefits and costs of engaging in CWB relate to the performance of these behaviours. Design/methodology/approach This study used a cross-sectional self-report method to assess self-reported CWB, individual and situational variables relevant to CWB and a detailed expectancy theory-based assessment to assess motivations to commit CWB. Findings The findings identified a lack of perceived likelihood of being caught acting as the most influential factor behind CWB engagement. Among the situational and personality variables investigated, organisational constraints, self-control and conscientiousness most strongly correlated with self-reported CWB. In addition, analyses demonstrated that personality and situation variables have direct relationships with expectancy theory components. Originality/value This study is the first to make a detailed examination of the motivation to commit CWB and to investigate how individual and situational variables relate to each aspect of motivation to commit CWB.