Risks and Challenges of China’s New Energy Vehicles Going Overseas under the EU’s New Automotive Industry Regulations

在全球碳中和战略推动下，新能源汽车产业正迎来前所未有的发展机遇。中国作为全球最大的新能源汽车生产国和消费市场，2023年产量突破900万辆大关，占全球总产量的62.3%。与此同时，欧盟为实现“2035年禁售燃油车”的环保目标，正在加速推进新能源汽车的普及进程，这为中国新能源汽车企业提供了巨大的市场机遇。然而，欧盟委员会于2023年7月正式实施的新版《汽车行业集体豁免条例》(BER 2023/814)对汽车行业的反垄断规则进行了重大调整，这些变化显著改变了欧盟汽车市场的竞争环境，给中国新能源汽车企业的出海战略带来了全新的挑战。本文在系统梳理欧盟新规的核心变化及其对中国新能源汽车企业的影响机制的基础上，通过构建“制度构造–合规成本–市场准入”的分析框架，研究提出“合规–创新–合作”三位一体的应对策略框架，为中国新能源汽车企业制定差异化欧洲市场进入战略提供了系统性的解决方案。Driven by the global carbon neutral strategy, the new energy vehicle industry is ushering in unprecedented development opportunities. As the world’s largest producer and consumer of new energy vehicles, China’s output will exceed 9 million units in 2023, accounting for 62.3% of the global output. At the same time, the EU is accelerating the popularization of new energy vehicles to achieve the environmental goal of “banning the sale of fuel vehicles by 2035”, which provides huge market opportunities for Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises. However, the new version of the Automotive Sector Block Exemption Regulation (BER 2023/814), which was officially implemented by the European Commission in July 2023, has made significant adjustments to the antitrust rules of the automotive industry, which have significantly changed the competitive environment of the EU automotive market and brought new challenges to the overseas strategies of Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises. On the basis of systematically analyzing the core changes of the new EU regulations and their impact mechanism on Chinese new energy automobile enterprises, this paper proposes the analysis framework of “institutional distance - compliance cost - market access” and a trinity response strategy framework of “compliance – innovation - collaboration”, providing a systematic solution for Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises to formulate differentiated European market entry strategies.