Atlantoaxial subluxation: an overview and case report

Atlantoaxial instability is a well-recognised cause of neck pain and spinal cord injury in dogs, particularly in small toy breeds such as Yorkshire terriers, Chihuahuas, and Toy Poodles. Clinical signs include spontaneous yelping, neck pain, low head carriage and tetraparesis. The cause of the instability is most often congenital, but it can occur following trauma. The condition can be managed medically using neck splints or neck bandages, analgesics, and rest. In some cases, this provides enough support for the ligaments to strengthen and support the joint, alleviating the spinal cord compression that causes the clinical signs. In some severe cases, surgery is required. This is an advanced and technical procedure that is best performed by experiences specialists, as it carries a high incidence of morbidity and mortality, especially in the first 48 hours post-surgery. However, surgery can lead to dramatic improvements and help the patient return to a normal quality of life.