Impact of Interlocking Connection on Reliability of Connection Under Extreme-Wind and Earthquake

Inter-modular connections play a critical role in the load sharing. Thus, this study aims to assess the impact of interlocking connections on the reliability indices of modular buildings under extreme loads. Five interlocking and partial interlocking connections were chosen for further analysis under extreme wind and earthquakes for structural reliability analysis of the connections. Fragility curves were developed for connections in axial, shear, and moments based on an analysis of a 10-storey case study modular building. Results showed that partial interlocking connections can safely function at a wind speed 60% higher than that of complete interlocking connections. Moreover, it was identified that partial interlocking connections can withstand a 2.8 times higher peak ground acceleration than a complete interlocking connection under safety limits. Incorporating simple interlocking mechanisms into bolted connections significantly reduces on-site labor time and costs, enhancing reusability while maintaining structural capacities. Further analysis indicated that partial interlocking connections are safe for modular buildings of six to eight storeys under wind speeds of 100[Formula: see text]m/s and for buildings up to 10-storeys under earthquakes with magnitudes up to 5. Additionally, reliability index graphs developed for the connections can be referred to in building design or in developing new intermodular connections.