Immobilization technology of lipase and application progress research

Abstract Lipase has emerged as a promising eco-friendly biocatalyst. However, its free-form application is limited by challenges, such as poor recovery and limited stability. Immobilization presents an effective strategy to overcome these limitations, thereby enhancing catalytic performance. Nevertheless, lipase immobilization is not obstacle-free either and necessitates comprehensive solutions. The development of novel immobilization techniques and matrix materials remains relatively underexplored. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of both traditional and advanced enzyme immobilization strategies, with a focus on how different carrier materials influence enzymatic properties and immobilization efficiency. By discussing the diverse industrial applications of immobilized lipases while also outlining potential research trajectories within this domain, this review aims to establish a robust theoretical framework for improving the performance of immobilized enzymes. Furthermore, innovative technologies such as 3D printing and membrane-based immobilization are expected to drive future advancements, thereby providing a strong theoretical foundation for the engineering of immobilized lipases.