Who opts out of neighborhood schools? Determinants and consequences of school choice strategies in China

Choosing schools outside of the neighborhood is prevalent worldwide despite variations in educational systems and policies. Because school choice requires ample family resources, it is an important form of educational investment in children. However, the drivers and long-term implications of school choice have not been thoroughly examined in the existing literature, especially in contexts with few school-choice programs. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (2010–2020), this study examines the determinants of school choice strategies and how these strategies influence educational outcomes. Results show that nearly a quarter of Chinese children are enrolled in non-neighborhood schools through both formal and informal channels. The child’s gender, academic performance, and family socioeconomic status are all relevant to school choice decisions. Choosing schools through address change and gifted/talented programs enhances the likelihood of high school attendance for both urban and rural children, while school choice through sponsorships and social networks increases high school attendance only in rural areas. School choice through gifted/talented programs is associated with a higher likelihood of college attendance. Nevertheless, not all school choice strategies are conducive to positive schooling experiences and attainment.