Infant mortality - decadal analysis of the epidemiological profile of the largest municipality of the state of Santa Catarina – Brazil

Introduction: In recent decades, Brazil hás made significant progress in health with a reduction in infant mortality, decreasing from 17.2 per thousand live births in 2010 to 12.8 in 2023, reflecting improvements in maternal and child health. Infant mortality is influenced by factors such as maternais agem and socioeconomic conditions. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, especially in regions with limited Access to healthcare services. Understanding neonatal mortality is crucial for prevention strategies and public health improvement. Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of infant mortality in the municipality of Joinville from 2008 to 2017. Method: This is a descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, based on data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC). Data collection was conducted from the Epidemiological Surveillance Directorate (DIVE) website. The sample included 78,377 live births and 657 deaths in children under one year of age, with analysis performed using descriptive statistics. Results: Data show a progressive decrease in the infant mortality rate, with a focus on post-neonatal mortality. Most deaths occurred among males (56.3%), with White skin color (89.0%) and extremely low birth weight (35.3%). The main causes of death are perinatal conditions (50.2%) and congenital anomalies (30.4%). Maternal characteristics included ages between 20-31 years (46%), secondary education level (50.7%), single pregnancies (87%), cesarean deliveries (61.3%), and gestational durationsu nder 37 weeks (65.4%). Conclusion: The study revealed a progressive reduction in the infant mortality rate, with a focus on post-neonatal mortality, predominantly among boys, white infants, and those with extremely low birth weight. To further reduce mortality, it is essential to promote maternal health before conception and ensure quality prenatal care, delivery, and child follow-up, influencing effective public policies and improving health and nursing care.