Robust Estimation for Direction of Arrival and Range for FDA Radar

In the presence of impulsive noise, Frequency Diverse Array Multiple Input Multiple Output (FDA-MIMO) radar encounters significant challenges in accurately estimating parameters, primarily due to the pronounced pulse spike characteristics of the noise and the limited number of available snapshots. To tackle these issues, a robust and accurate distance-angle parameter estimation technique is developed for single-snapshot FDA-MIMO signal embedded by heavy-tailed noise. The proposed method replaces the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-term in the sparse iterative weighted <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{q}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm (SIWQ) by the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1&lt; p&lt; 2$</tex-math></inline-formula>), referred to as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-SIWQ. Computer simulations are conducted demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{p}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-SIWQ method in the presence of a single snapshot and heavy-tailed distributed noise.