Dinamica evoluției moleculare a țesutului testicular și spermatogenezei

Testicular morphology, sperm phenotypes and spermatogenesis process evolve rapidly, andspermatogenesis research remains underdeveloped and only a limited number are available, aggravating the study of the mechanisms of spermatogenesis and reproductive dysfunctions. In this study, attempts were made to clarify the molecular evolution of the testicle, the cellular source, the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary forces, which underlie the rapid phenotypic evolution of the testicle. Moreover, the development in recent years of single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology in the process of spermatogenesis has facilitated the elucidation of how cellular interactions and the testicular microenvironment influence the progression of spermatogonial stem cells through different stages of development, including selfrenewal, differentiation and eventual maturation in spermatozoa. At the same time, the application of spatial transcriptomics in spermatogenesis research has not only improved our understanding of molecular dynamics in the testicle, but has also provided a platform for perceiving the molecular mechanisms of spermatogonial stem cell differentiation.