Study of Cost Effective Green Natural Adsorbents for the Removal of Fluoride from Water

In the study, access to safe drinking water is not only fundamental to human development and wellbeing but is also recognized as a human right. The provision of safe potable water is considered critical and pivotal to the achievements of overall development, including adequate nutrition, education, gender equality and especially the eradication of poverty in developing countries. Fluoride is one of the water quality parameters of concern, the excess (beyond 1.5 mg/L, the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value of which contaminates groundwater resources in many parts of the world, and renders it not potable for human consumption, due to the related adverse health effects. Therefore, knowledge of its removal, using the best technique with optimum efficiency is needed. Taking the severity of the problem into consideration, the present study to provide a retrospective approach to the use of effective low -cost adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from water. The defluoridation capacity of certain low-cost natural adsorbents like orange peel, banana peel and coconut jute were added in the list and discussed in detail. The effect of contact time, pH and adsorbent dose were investigated. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics were studied conducting Batch adsorption experiment. Different types of Bio-adsorbents used in this study shows a better adsorption capacity of fluoride. The adsorption removal of fluoride increases with decreases pH value and the maximum fluoride removal occurred at the range pH 2-6. The fluoride removal increases with increases temperature, contact time and adsorbent doses. It was further observed that equilibrium behaviour can be predicted by Langmuir adsorption isotherm.