Research on Competitive Swimming Strategy Optimization Based on Mathematical Modeling

With the intensification of competition in elite swimming events, the scientific optimization of race strategies has become pivotal for enhancing athletic performance. This study presents a comprehensive mathematical framework aimed at optimizing speed distribution and tactical interactions in freestyle swimming. A fatigue-aware speed optimization model is proposed, incorporating physiological constraints and dynamic energy expenditure. Additionally, a novel method for quantifying tactical interactions—focusing on lead-follow dynamics—is introduced. A phase-based relay strategy tailored for Olympic-level athletes is also developed. Empirical results demonstrate a 2.8% reduction in 100m race time compared to traditional constant-speed strategies and a mitigation of a 0.75-second deficit in relay simulations. The proposed framework offers valuable insights for training and strategic planning in competitive swimming.