SUBSTRATOS ORGÂNICOS E ORGANOMINERAIS SÃO OS MAIS UTILIZADOS PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS FLORESTAIS AMAZÔNICAS

Amazonian forest species such as açaí (Euterpe Oleraceae Mart.), jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril), copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), and andiroba (Carapa guianensis) hold significant economic value, standing out in both national and international markets. Thus, they require suitable substrates to enhance seedling production. This study aimed to compile scientific literature published in the last six years (2019–2024) regarding the main substrates used for seedling production of these five Amazonian forest species, analyzing their physical, chemical, and biological aspects. A total of 52 publications were identified, covering açaí, jatobá, buriti, copaíba, and andiroba. Despite the disparity in the number of publications, likely linked to the role of the açaí production chain in local, national, and international contexts, substrate analysis indicated a preference for organic and organomineral materials. Animal manure was tested for all species except andiroba, while rice husk-based substrates were studied for all species. The commercial substrate Bioplant® was used in studies involving açaí, buriti, and jatobá. Similarly, substrates based on local residues, such as cupuaçu husk and Brazil nut shells, also showed potential, combining sustainability and efficiency for açaí seedling production. Thus, given the diversity of substrates and combinations available, this study highlighted that substrate selection should consider each species' specific needs, costs, and sustainability. Additionally, further research into alternative substrates and less-studied species is encouraged to diversify cultivation practices and strengthen sustainable production in the Amazonia.