Investigating Soret–Dufour effects and discharge concentration on accelerating hybrid nanofluid flow over radiative disk embedded in porous media under convective conditions

This research investigates the interaction of nanoparticles ( Ag + MgO) dispersed in a fluid ( H 2 O) to formulate a hybrid nanofluid. The research primarily examines the influence of an external magnetic field, thermal radiation, velocity slip, porous media, viscous dissipation, mass suction, discharge concentration, and convective circumstances on an accelerating stretched disc. Research on momentum, energy, and concentration boundary layers in disc flows is continuing. This work seeks to examine the influence of the Soret and Dufour effects on heat and mass transport in a hybrid nanofluid, a topic not previously investigated in the literature. Subsequent investigations in this domain may expand upon these discoveries. The setup uses a framework that is based on classical dynamic equations governing fluid flow. Similarity transformations are used to originate a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Moreover, the shooting method using the Runge–Kutta fourth-order algorithm and the BVPh2.0 package (homotopy analysis method) in Mathematica 13.0 illustrates its effectiveness in addressing the resultant issue. As shown visually, Lorentz forces have an impact on hybrid nanofluid flow, and an external magnetic field may alter it. An increasing Eckert number corresponds to a decreasing Nusselt number. A number of graphs illustrate the effects of various factors, including Soret, Dufour, radiation, Biot number, pollutant external source, porous media, Schmidt number, nanoparticle volume fraction, and mass suction on mass and heat transfer and flow profile. Sherwood, Nusselt, and skin friction coefficients are also quantified. The skin friction coefficient diminutions when the parameters β, δ, K, M, and S rise. Increased Bi, D f , and S parameters increase the Nusselt number, whereas increased β and ϕ 2 parameters decrease it. As Sc and Sr levels increase, the Sherwood number increases, whereas β, α, and Z factors decrease. When mass suction S increases from 1.0 to 2.5 without heat radiation, the Nusselt number increases by 4.52% and radiation increases Nusselt by 4.67%.