Performance of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as Affected by Crude Oil Contamination of Soil

Cassava, a staple crop globally and particularly in Nigeria, is widely cultivated for its significant contribution to food security. However, crude oil exploration has led to widespread contamination of farmlands, resulting in substantial losses for farmers. This research examined the effects of crude oil contamination on cassava cultivation in Nigerian soil. Cassava stem cuttings were sourced from local farms in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. Crude oil samples were obtained from the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). The soil was artificially contaminated with varying levels of crude oil (ranging from 30, 60, 90 and 120 ml), while a separate, uncontaminated soil sample served as the control group. Plant growth parameters, including germination rate, plant height, leaf number, and leaf area, were evaluated. The results showed that crude oil contamination significantly (P < 0.05) delayed germination, reduced germination rate and percentage, and impaired plant growth. The effect being oil level dependent, the highest crude oil treat (120 ml) had the most detrimental effects, with a germination percentage of 32%. Conversely, unpolluted soil had the highest plant height (24.8 cm) and leaf area (178.52 cm²) across the 12-week study period. This study highlights the need for sustainable practices to mitigate crude oil contamination in agricultural areas. Findings from the study indicate that crude oil contamination significantly impact cassava ability to grow leading to reduced productivity and food security concerns Recommendations include exploring crude oil in areas far from farmlands, implementing effective bioremediation strategies, and enforcing rigorous cleanup policies to protect the environment and ensure food security.