A case report of persistent phrenic nerve injury by pulsed field ablation: Lessons from anatomical reconstruction and electrode positioning

Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is increasingly being adopted as an effective and safe method for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. Compared to conventional thermal ablation methods such as radiofrequency and cryoablation, PFA selectively targets myocardial tissue while sparing surrounding structures. With previous studies having demonstrated its efficacy and safety,1,2 PFA is considered less likely to cause damage to non-cardiac tissues, including nerves and the esophagus.