Demand driven distributed model predictive control with linear active disturbance rejection control for frequency management in smart grid environment

• Designing and analysis of DMPC-LADRC for frequency regulation. • DMPC-LADRC can significantly enhance the performance of power system frequency. • Efficacy is validated by simulations across diverse operational conditions. . This paper introduces an innovative method to counter act frequency disturbances caused by changes in load. The power system (PS) needs to dampen transients in frequency caused by fleeting changes in load to ensure stable operation. The research develops a robust mechanism based on distributive model predictive control (DMPC) and integrates it with linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) to ensure robust control operation. The combined feature of DMPC-LADRC aids in managing uncertainty, exogenous disturbances, and load disturbances by demonstrating swift frequency regulation and the ability to reject both external and internal load fluctuations. In a smart grid environment, a simulation tests have been performed under diverse load disturbances and varying power penetration rates of renewable energy sources (RESs) connected to HVDC based transmission line. Results indicate that the DMPC-LADRC scheme has significantly enhanced the system frequency response capability while considering energy conservation and keeping the PS stable.