Corneal Ulcer with Intraocular Involvement

Background: Corneal ulcer is a pathologic corneal condition characterized by suppurative infiltrates with indolent corneal defects and corneal tissue discontinuities that can occur from epithelium to stroma. Corneal ulcers can occur as a result of trauma by a foreign body or a disease that causes the entry of bacteria or fungi into the cornea, causing infection or inflammation. Aims: to report a case of corneal ulcer caused by bacterial infection, and review the patient's management and clinical progress. Case presentation: Two cases of corneal ulcers were presented with different bacterial causes. The first case is a man aged 54 years with a history of trauma on the corneal epithelium, the corneal ulcer is then known to be caused by gram-positive germs. Visual repair and healing without sicatrics were achieved after 1 week of treatment. In the second case, a 52-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a corneal ulcer was caused by a highly virulent gram-negative germ, and corneal perforation was found after 2 weeks. Complications of corneal ulcers can result in blindness, so proper microbiological examination and therapy are very important. Conclusion: Bacterial corneal ulcers are an ophthalmologic emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and therapy. Early identification of the causative pathogen and administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial to prevent permanent corneal damage and visual impairment.