An intelligent framework for crop health surveillance and disease management

The agricultural sector faces critical challenges, including significant crop losses due to undetected plant diseases, inefficient monitoring systems, and delays in disease management, all of which threaten food security worldwide. Traditional approaches to disease detection are often labor-intensive, time-consuming, and prone to errors, making early intervention difficult. This paper proposes an intelligent framework for automated crop health monitoring and early disease detection to overcome these limitations. The system leverages deep learning, cloud computing, embedded devices, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to provide real-time insights into plant health over large agricultural areas. The primary goal is to enhance early detection accuracy and recommend effective disease management strategies, including crop rotation and targeted treatment. Additionally, environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and water levels are continuously monitored to aid in informed decision-making. The proposed framework incorporates Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), MobileNet-1, MobileNet-2, Residual Network (ResNet-50), and ResNet-50 with InceptionV3 to ensure precise disease identification and improved agricultural productivity.