The role of earth observation technologies in enhancing social acceptance of mining operations

• The impact of using EO data for increasing social acceptance remains unexplored. • Awareness and proximity to the operation or not affect perceptions towards mining. • EO familiarity, trust in technology and adherence to ethical standards are essential. The low level of social acceptance of the extractive industry in Europe remains a significant challenge, despite the growing use of emerging technologies that improve operational efficiency and promote responsible mining practices. This study investigates public perceptions of mining and examines the potential role of Earth Observation (EO) technologies in enhancing social acceptance, using selected regions in Austria, a country with a long mining tradition, as case studies. A combination of quantitative and qualitative social research methods was used to collect perspectives from residents and stakeholders both near and distant from mining areas. Results indicate that mining regions generally show higher acceptance due to economic dependency and cultural ties, though concerns persist. Urban respondents, while recognizing mining's economic value, emphasized ethical and environmental issues. EO technologies were met with skepticism, reflecting broader distrust of new technologies and media. Many respondents were unaware of EO technologies and their potential mining applications. Although transparency was valued, EO was not seen as vital for public engagement. Overall, EO technologies could enhance transparency and trust, yet unawareness and skepticism remain barriers to their adoption in the mining sector. The research underscores the potential for EO technologies to improve social acceptance, under certain conditions.