Intelligent Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Energy-Saving Building Designs in Construction

The transition toward sustainable construction practices has intensified the demand for intelligent and energy-efficient building components, particularly smart window technologies. While numerous innovations exist, the selection of the most optimal smart window solution is difficult due to the trade-offs among conflicting criteria such as energy performance, economic feasibility, environmental impact, and user comfort. This study proposes an integrated Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (FMCDM) framework for selecting smart window technologies. The methodology combines the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to determine criterion weights and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to rank alternatives. Nine sustainability-related criteria across the environmental, economic, and social dimensions were evaluated using expert input. The results identify thermochromic smart windows as the optimal choice. This research contributes a structured, adaptable, and scalable FMCDM framework for sustainable technology selection, with broader applicability to green product design and decision-making in the construction and energy sectors.