Hybrid smart IoT detection and prevention framework for smart cities using blockchain technology

The Internet of Things (IoT) and the development of smart cities provide significant opportunities to enhance security and public safety. However, the increasing complexity of smart city technologies makes them more vulnerable to cyber threats. To address this challenge, this study proposes a Hybrid Detection and Prevention IoT Framework (HDPIoTF) based on blockchain technology. The framework integrates IoT and blockchain to ensure a secure and efficient smart city system through six key stages: IoT sensor development, IoT gateways, blockchain networks, smart contracts, security analytics, and real-time notifications. Using design science as the analytical approach, this study aims to enable real-time monitoring, enhance security, automate responses, and improve interoperability. By leveraging blockchain and IoT, the proposed framework strengthens the protection of critical infrastructure while promoting public well-being.