Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)–Paclitaxel (PLGA-PTX) Nanoparticles Evaluated in Ovarian Cancer Models

We developed a novel biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer chemically modified with paclitaxel (PTX) to form a PLGA-PTX hybrid. Pre-modification of PTX enhanced its loading in PLGA-PTX nanoparticles (NPs). <b>Background/Objectives</b>: PTX is one of the most effective chemotherapy agents used in cancer therapy. The primary mode of PTX's action is the hyperstabilization of microtubules leading to cell growth arrest. Although highly potent, the drug is water insoluble and requires the Cremophor EL excipient. The toxic effects of the free drug (e.g., neurotoxicity) as well as its solubilizing agent are well established. Thus, there is strong clinical rationale and need for exploring alternative PTX delivery approaches, retaining biological activity and minimizing systemic effects. <b>Methods</b>: The PTX modification method features reacting the C-2' and C-7 residues with a linker (succinic anhydride) to produce easily accessible carboxyl groups on the PTX for enhanced coupling to the hydroxyl group of PLGA. The PLGA-PTX hybrid, formed via esterification reaction, was used to formulate lipid-coated PLGA-PTX NPs. As proof of concept, the PLGA-PTX NPs were tested in ovarian cancer (OvCA) models, including several patient-derived cell lines (PDCLs), one of which was generated from a platinum-resistant patient. <b>Results</b>: The PLGA-PTX NPs critically remained stable in water and serum while enabling slow drug release. Importantly, PLGA-PTX NPs demonstrated biological activity. <b>Conclusions</b>: We suggest that this approach offers both a new and effective PTX formulation and a possible path towards the development of a new generation of OvCA treatment.